Digital product passports are being introduced across sectors to improve material traceability for the whole life of e.g. products and materials.  The digital passport in this case study is a digital twin¹ of an electric car battery which contains detailed information about the product's materials, design, manufacturing process, supply chain, maintenance history, usage patterns, and so on. The information provided on the digital passport can enhance transparency across product value chains, such as meeting recycling requirements for electric vehicle (EV) batteries